viernes, 22 de junio de 2007

Historia de Ayax

La historia hace mención de Ayax a través de la famosa guerra de Troya en donde se tiene a dos personajes homónimos en nombre mas no en personalidad, las personas solían llamarlos “Los Ayaces” pues ambos solían luchar untos.
“Ayax el grande”

Áyax I (en griego Αίας, ‘de la tierra’) hijo de Telamón, rey de Salamina, es un legendario héroe de la mitología griega. Para distinguirlo de Áyax, hijo de Oileo se le llamaba Áyax el Grande, Gran Áyax o Telemonio Áyax. Valeroso guerrero, el más fuerte después de su primo Aquiles, se embarcó a la mítica Guerra de Troya al mando de doce navíos salamitos acompañado de su hermano Teucro. Hijos suyos fueron Eurísaces y Fileo, el primer ancestro de la familia ateniense de los Filaidas.
Peleó en la guerra con coraje y destreza y se suicidó al enloquecer porque los griegos le negaron las armas de su amado primo, Aquiles.
En
La Ilíada de Homero se le describe como un guerrero de gran estatura y fuerza colosal, testarudo y de inmenso escudo que por sí mismo es un antemural de las falanges, segundo en destreza y valentía en la batalla únicamente por detrás de Aquiles. No fue herido en ninguna de las batallas relatadas en La Ilíada y es el único personaje de importancia en la obra que no recibió ayuda por parte de ninguno de los dioses griegos. Al igual que Aquiles fue entrenado por el centauro Quirón. Áyax era sin duda uno de los reyes más importantes en el campo de batalla, aunque no tan sabio como Néstor, Idomeneo o Menesteo, ni tan hábil como Diomedes, Odiseo o Palamedes. Mandaba su ejército llevando una gran hacha de guerra y un enorme escudo, acompañado siempre por su hermano Teucro.
Durante la guerra de
Troya Áyax luchó con Héctor en dos ocasiones. La primera fue en un duelo que duró durante todo un día sin que hubiera un vencedor. La segunda fue durante una incursión de los troyanos en el campamento de los aqueos donde ambos pelearon en los barcos griegos. Áyax casi mató a Héctor arrojándole una piedra mayor que el propio príncipe troyano. Ambos encuentros tuvieron lugar cuando Aquiles había abandonado el campo de batalla debido a su enfado con Agamenón.
Cuando
Patroclo murió, los troyanos intentaron hacerse con su cuerpo y alimentar con él a los perros pero Áyax luchó contra ellos protegiendo el cadáver y devolviéndolo al campamento griego y a Aquiles.
Algo más tarde en la obra, cuando Aquiles muere tras ser alcanzado por una flecha de
Paris, Áyax y Odiseo pelean por recuperar el cuerpo del héroe griego y enterrarlo junto al de su amigo Patroclo. Tras el funeral ambos héroes griegos reclaman la armadura de Aquiles como recompensa por sus esfuerzos. Tras una disputa de ingenio o tal vez porque Agamenón aborrecía a la casta de Éaco, Odiseo recibe la armadura y Áyax furioso cae al suelo exhausto. Cuando se levanta, lo hace loco de furia y en su delirio confunde un rebaño de ovejas con los líderes aqueos, Odiseo y Agamenón, matando a todos los animales. Cuando Áyax despierta de su locura se ve rodeado de sangre y decide quitarse la vida antes que vivir en la vergüenza y el deshonor. Para ello utiliza la espada de Héctor, que éste le había concedido como un regalo de honor tras su primer duelo (La Odisea, xi. 541).
“Ayax el menor”

Hijo de Oileo rey de Locri, conocido como el Menor para diferenciarlo de Áyax I, hijo de Telamón quién era reconocido por su descomunal estatura. Mas ambos solían luchar juntos.
Lideró el destacamento de Locris durante la
guerra de Troya, en la que tuvo un lugar importante.
Fue uno de los guerreros que penetraron en la ciudad escondidos dentro del
Caballo de Troya. Y en esta última batalla, junto con Neoptolemo, el hijo de Aquiles, se interna en el palacio real, donde el primero asesinó al rey Príamo, mientras que Ayax encontró a la princesa Casandra (en griego Κασσάνδρα, "la que enreda a los hombres", hija de Hécuba y Príamo ) refugiada bajo un altar dedicado a Atenea. Y aunque esta pidiese piedad por respeto a la diosa, Ayax en el frenesí del saqueo no la escuchó y la violó allí mismo.
Esto provoca la ira de Atenea, quién con ayuda de
Poseidón hace que nave de Ayax naufrague durante la fatídica tempestad que dispersa a la flota griega en su regreso a la patria.
De ahí que de su muerte existen dos historias, la más difundida es que pereció ahogado cuando su barco se hundió al estrellarse contra un promontorio llamado "Las rocas Giras" en el
mar Egeo.
Mientras que la otra sostiene que el agua lo dejó sobre una de estas piedras mientras estuvo inconsciente. Una vez la tormenta pasó y Ayax despertó, sabiendo que la tormenta era obra de Poseidón para castigarle por sus pecados, comenzó a burlarse del dios diciendo que por más esmero que hubiese puesto no había conseguido matarle. Para su desgracia, como si de una respuesta se tratase, una mano sosteniendo un tridente emergió de las aguas y se lo arrojó. El arma atravesó el pecho de Ayax y le ensartó a la roca, matándole al instante. Se dice que tan pronto como su alma le abandonó, el tridente y su cuerpo se transformaron en piedra y allí quedaron, como una roca alta que sobresale de las aguas del mar Egeo para el resto de los días.

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